Ziye zafunyanwa njani ii-Amino Acids

Ii-amino acids zibalulekile, kodwa zisisiseko seyunithi yeprotheyini, kwaye zineqela le-amino kunye neqela le-carboxylic.Badlala indima enkulu kwinkqubo yokubonakaliswa kofuzo, okubandakanya ukulungiswa kwemisebenzi yeprotheyini eququzelela ukuguqulelwa kwesithunywa se-RNA (mRNA) (iScot et al., 2006).

Kukho ngaphezu kwe-700 iindidi zee-amino acids ezifunyenwe kwindalo.Phantse zonke zi-amino acids.Zifunyenwe kwi:
• ibhaktheriya
• umngundo
• ubulembu
• izityalo.

Ii-amino acids ziyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yeepeptides kunye neeproteni.Amashumi amabini abalulekileyo eeamino acids zibalulekile kubomi njengoko zineepeptides kunye neeproteni kwaye zaziwa njengeebhloko zokwakha kuzo zonke izinto eziphilayo emhlabeni.Zisetyenziselwa iprotein synthesis.Ii-amino acids zilawulwa lufuzo.Ezinye ii-amino acids ezingaqhelekanga zifumaneka kwimbewu yezityalo.
Ii-amino acids zisisiphumo seprotein hydrolysis.Ukutyhubela iinkulungwane, ii-amino acids ziye zafunyanwa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, nangona ubukhulu becala zifunyenwe ngoosokhemisti kunye neengcali zebhayokhemisti ezikrelekrele kakhulu ezazinezona zakhono zibalaseleyo kunye nomonde kwaye zaziyila kwaye ziyila kumsebenzi wazo.

Iprotein chemistry ineminyaka yobudala, kwaye abanye baqala kumawaka eminyaka eyadlulayo.Iinkqubo kunye nokusetyenziswa kobugcisa okufana nokulungiswa kweglue, ukuveliswa kwetshizi kunye nokufunyanwa kwe-ammonia ngokucoca ubulongwe, kwenzeka kwiinkulungwane ezidlulileyo.Ukuqhubela phambili ngexesha ukuya kwi-1820, uBraconnot walungisa i-glycine ngokuthe ngqo kwi-gelatin.Wayezama ukufumanisa ukuba ngaba iiproteni zisebenza njengestatshi okanye zenziwe ngeeasidi kunye neswekile.

Ngelixa inkqubela yayicotha ngelo xesha, sele ifumene isantya esikhulu, nangona iinkqubo ezintsonkothileyo zokwakheka kweeprotheyini azikafunyaniswa ngokupheleleyo kude kube namhlanje.Kodwa iminyaka emininzi ihambile ukusukela oko uBraconnot waqala ukuqwalasela.

Kuninzi ekufuneka kufunyenwe kuhlalutyo lwee-amino acid kunye nokufumana ii-amino acids ezintsha.Ikamva leprotheyini kunye ne-amino acids chemistry ilele kwi-biochemistry.Emva kokuba oko kuphunyeziwe—kodwa kude kube ngoko ulwazi lwethu ngeeamino acids kunye neeproteni luya kwaneliswa.Kodwa kusenokwenzeka ukuba loo mini ayizukufika kungekudala.Oku konke kongeza kwimfihlakalo, ubunzima kunye nexabiso elinamandla lesayensi yee-amino acids.